心臟組織消化手冊

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Worthington組織消化指南

引言

組織消化酶主要用于組織培養和細胞生物學研究的原代細胞的分離和收集。盡管這些消化酶已經普遍應用多年，但是對其組織消化和細胞收集的作用機制卻沒有全面的理解。由此導致的結果便是選擇一種消化方法大多是隨機選擇或基于過去的經驗，而不是在*理解消化原理的基礎上選擇的消化方案，以及如何根據具體實驗目的修正消化方案以獲得更好的實驗結果。

細胞分離程序的目的是zui大程度的獲得功能活性的單個細胞，而影響結果的原因有很多，包括（不限于）以下：

1、組織類型

2、物種來源

3、動物年齡

4、遺傳改造情況（如knockouts）

5、所用的消化培養液

6、所用的酶

7、消化酶中的雜質

8、所用消化酶的工作濃度

9、溫度

10、孵育時間

通常前四個原因沒辦法選擇，而剩下的原因一般由經驗決定以獲取zui適實驗結果。

通過查閱文獻來選擇*組織消化酶和zui適消化條件的研究人員通常被互相矛盾的實驗數據搞得一頭霧水。這些巨大差異來源于組織胞外基質的復雜而動態的特性，以及過去常用的粗制、未提純的組織分離酶。另外，組織胞外基質由各種蛋白、糖蛋白、脂類和糖脂組成，這些成分的組成比例在不同物種、不同組織、甚至不同發育（年齡）之間存在明顯的差異，這些因素都極大的影響了消化方案的制定。目前通常使用的粗制酶，如鏈霉蛋白酶、NF1:250、以及含有幾種其他不同濃度蛋白酶的膠原酶、以及各種多糖酶、核酶和脂酶。

本指南總結了目前常用組織消化酶的zui適消化和細胞收集知識和方法，描述了標準的實驗步驟，以便于制定一個*的細胞分離方案，同時列舉了一些相關的參考文獻。

下表列出多種組織的適宜消化酶（含參考文獻，以組織類型和物種分類，詳見鏈接）

脂肪組織	腎上腺組織	骨組織	腦組織
軟骨組織	結腸組織	內皮組織	上皮組織
眼	心臟	腸	腎
肝	肺	淋巴結	乳腺
其它組織	其他組織	肌組織	神經組織
胰腺	腮腺	垂體	前列腺
生殖	動物鱗片	皮膚	脾臟
干細胞	胸腺	甲狀腺/甲狀旁腺	扁桃體
腫瘤

注：使用Worthington公司消化酶的文獻不限于上表鏈接中所列，一般而言，Worthington公司的組織消化酶可用于大多組織類型的消化。

心臟組織消化手冊

物種	詳細來源	細胞名稱	消化用酶	培養基	參考文獻
牛	牛	Heart	Trypsin: 0.06%	25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMF	Trifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and B綿羊 Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 335, 1990
	(包括大鼠)	Adrenal chromaffin
		Paraneurons
犬	犬	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml	Tyrode's solution	Zhang,D., Wu, C., Qi, X., Meijering, R., Hoogstra-Berends, F., Tadevosyan, A., Cubukcuoglu, et al: Activation of Histone Deacetylase-6 Induces Contractile Dysfunction Through Derailment of alpha-tubulin Proteostasis in Experimental and Human Atrial Fibrillation., Circulation 129, 346-58, 2014
犬	犬, adult	Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.065%	See reference	Bonilla, I., Sridhar, A., Nishijima, Y., Gyorke, S., Cardounel, A. and Carnes, C.: Differential Effects of the Peroxynitrite Donor, SIN-1, on Atrial and Ventricular Myocyte Electrophysiology., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 61, 401-7, 2013
犬	犬	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml	Tyrode's solution	Xi, Y., Wu, G., Ai, T., Cheng, N., Kalisnik, J., Sun, J., Abbasi, S., Yang, D., Fan, C., Yuan, X., Wang, S. et al: Ionic Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide on Canine Atrial Myocardium., Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 6, 976-83, 2013
犬	犬	Cardiomyocytes	Protease: 0.03%	Tyrode's solution
犬	犬	Atrial Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.03%	Tyrode's solution	Gan, T., Qiao, W., Xu, G., Zhou, X., Tang, B., Song, J., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Li, F., Mao, T. and Jiang, T.: Aging-Associated Changes in L-type Calcium Channels in the Left Atria of Dogs., Exp Ther Med 6, 919-924, 2013
犬	犬	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 60 u/ml	See reference	Harleton, E., Besana, A., Comas, G., Danilo, P., Rosen, T., Argenziano, M., Rosen, M., Robinson, R. and Feinmark, S.: Ability to Induce Atrial Fibrillation in the Peri-Operative Period is Associated with Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibition of TWIK Protein-Related Acid-Sensitive Potassium Channel 1 (TASK-1)., J Biol Chem 288, 2829-38, 2013
犬	犬	Cardiomyocytes	Protease XIV: 0.5 u/ml	See reference
犬	犬	Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05-0.08%	See reference	Zhang, H., Silva, J., Lin, Y., Verbsky, J., Lee, U., Kanter, E., Yamada, K., Schuessler, R. and Nichols, C.: Heterogeneity and Function of K(ATP) Channels in Canine Hearts., Heart Rhythm 10, 1576-83, 2013
犬	犬, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	HEPES	Calloe, K., Nof, E., Jespersen, T., Di Diego, J., Chlus, N., Olesen, S.? Antzelevitch, C. and Cordeiro, J.: Comparison of the Effects of a Transient Outward Potassium Channel Activator on Currents Recorded from Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes., J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 22, 1057-66, 2011
犬	犬, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Protease Type XIV: 0.01%	HEPES
犬	犬, 20-25 kg	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	Tyrode's solution	Burashnikov, A., Zygmunt, A., Di Diego, J., Linhardt, G., Carlsson, L. and Antzelevitch, C.: AZD1305 Exerts Atrial Predominant Electrophysiological Actions and is Effective in Suppressing Atrial Fibrillation and Preventing its Reinduction in the Dog., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 56, 80-90, 2010
犬	犬, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	M199	Gavi, S., Yin, D., Shumay, E., Wang, H. and Malbon, C.: Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Provokes Functional Antagonism and Internalization of Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors., Endocrinology 148, 2653-62, 2007
犬	犬, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Protease: 0.008%	M199
犬	犬	Atrial and Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.065%	Tyrode's solution	Schotten, U., de Haan, S., Verheule, S., Harks, E., Frechen, D., Bodewig, E., Greiser, M., Ram, R., Maessen, J., Kelm, M., Allessie, M. and Van Wagoner, D.: Blockade of Atrial-Specific K+-currents Increases Atrial but not Ventricular Contractility by Enhancing Reverse Mode Na+/Ca2+-Exchange.,Cardiovasc Res 73, 37-47, 2007
犬	犬	Atrial myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.013%	HEPES	Baba, S., Dun, W., Hirose, M. and Boyden, P.: Sodium Current Function in Adult and Aged Canine Atrial Cells., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291, H756-61, 2006
犬	犬, 20-30 kg	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 110 u/ml	Tyrode's solution	Sun, H., Chartier, D., Leblanc, N. and Nat, S.: Intracellular Calcium Changes and Tachycardia-Induced Contractile Dysfunction in Canine Atrial Myocytes., Cardiovasc Res 49, 751-61, 2001
犬	犬	Ventricular and Atrial Myocytes	Collagenase Type 4: 0.04%	HEPES/Tyrode's	Gintant, G.: Two Components of Delayed Rectifier Current in Canine Atrium and Ventricle. Does IKs Play a Role in the Reverse Rate Dependence of Class III Agents?, Circ Res 78, 26-37, 1996
犬	犬	Ventricular and Atrial Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 125 u/ml	HEPES/Tyrode's
犬	Dog, mongrel, adult	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.1%	Joklik's MEM	Spanier, A. and Weglicki, W.: Ca2+-Tolerant Adult Canine Myocytes: Preparation and Response to Anoxia/Acidosis, Am J Physiol 243, H448, 1982
雞	雞, embryonic	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.13%	HBSS	Blech-Hermoni, Y. and Ladd, A.: Identification of Transcripts Regulated by CUG-BP, Elav-like Family Member 1 (CELF1) in Primary Embryonic Cardiomyocytes by RNA-seq., Genom Data 6, 74-76, 2015
			Collagenase Type 2: 0.13%
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.033%
雞	雞 embryos, 9-11 day incubated	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	PBS	Eschenhagen, T., Fink, C., Remmers, U., Scholz, H., Wattchow, J., Weil, J., et al.: Three-Dimensional Reconstitution of Embryonic Cardiomyocytes in a Collagen Matrix: A New Heart Muscle Model System, FASEB J 11, 683, 1997
雞	小雞, embryos, 10-11 day	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.17%	HBSS, CMF	Wang, S., Greaser, M.L., Schultz, E., Bulinski, J.C., Lin, J.J., and Lessard, J.L.: Studies on Cardiac Myofibrillogenesis With Antibodies to Titin, Actin, Tropomyosin, and Myosin, J Cell Biol 107, 1075, 1988
雞	小雞, 10 day	Ventricular	Trypsin: 0.025%	HBSS, CMF	Kim, D., Okada, A., and Smith, T.W.: Control of Cytosolic Calcium Activity During Low Sodium Exposure in Cultured Chick Heart Cells, Circ Res 61, 29, 1987
雞	小雞, embryo, 11 day	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.05%	HBSS, CMF	Jacob, R., Lieberman, M., Murphy, E., and Piwnica-Worms, D.: Effect of Sodium-Potassium Pump Inhibition and Low Sodium on Membrane Potential in Cultured Embryonic Chick Heart Cells, J Physiol 387, 549, 1987
雞	小雞, embryonic, 11-12-day-old	Myocytes	Trypsin: 0.025%	CMF solution	Murphy, E., Aiton, J., Russell, C., and Lieberman, M.: Calcium Elevation in Cultured Heart Cells: Its Role in Cell Injury, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 245 (14), C316, 1983
雞	小雞, 8 day embryo	Myocytes	Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%	Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF	Gross, W., Schopf-Ebner, E., and Bucher, O.: Technique for the Preparation of Homogeneous Cultures of Isolated Heart Muscle Cells, Exp Cell Res 53, 1, 1968
雞	(also rat, neonate and mouse)	Myocytes	Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%	Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF
雞	Hen, White Leghorn	Heart	Trypsin: 0.025%	Medium 199	Dehann, R.: Regulation of Spontaneous Activity and Growth of Embryonic Chick Heart Cells in Tissue Culture, Dev Biol 16, 216, 1967
雞	小雞embryos, 5 day	Heart	Trypsin: 3.0%	Tyrode's solution, CMF	Steinberg, M.: "ECM": Its Nature, Origin, And Function in Cell Aggregation, Exp Cell Res 30, 257, 1963
雞	小雞embryos, 5 day	Liver	Trypsin: 3.0%	Tyrode's solution, CMF
貓科動物	貓, mongrel, adult, 1.8-2.8 Kg	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%	Kreb's Henseleit, CF	Silver, L., Hemwall, E., Marino, T., and Houser, S.: Isolation and Morphology of Calcium-Tolerant Feline Ventricular Myocytes, Am J Physiol 245, H891, 1983
貓科動物	貓, mongrel, adult, 1.8-2.8 Kg	Ventricular	Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%	Kreb's Henseleit, CF
魚	魚, 斑馬魚	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%	MEM	Sander, V., Sune, G., Jopling, C., Morera, C. and Belmonte J.: Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Primary Cardiomyocytes from Adult Zebrafish Hearts., Nat Protoc 8, 800-9, 2013
魚	魚, 斑馬魚	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 4: 0.5%	MEM
青蛙	青蛙 (Rana esculenta)	Myocytes	Trypsin: 0.04%	CF Ringer	Arrio-Dupont, M., and de Nay, D.: High Yield Preparation of Calcium-Tolerant Myocytes From Frog Ventricles, Biol Cell 54, 164, 1985
豚鼠	Guinea pig, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 100 u/ml	M-199	Zorn-Pauly K, Schaffer P, Pelzmann B, Bernhart E, Lang P, and Koidl B: L-type and T-type Ca2+ current in cultured ventricular guinea pig myocytes,Physiol Res 53(4), 369, 2004
豚鼠	豚鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 100-200 u/ml	See reference	Dhamoon, A, Pandit, S., Sarmast, F., Parisian, K., Guha, P., Li, Y., Bagwe, S., Taffet, S. and Anumonwo, J.: Unique Kir2.x Properties Determine Regional and Species Differences in the Cardiac Inward Rectifier K+ Current.,Circ Res 94, 1332-9, 2004
豚鼠	Guinea pig, female, 300-350g	Coronary endothelial	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	see reference	Buxton I L, Kaiser R A, Oxhorn B C, Cheek D J: Evidence supporting the Nucleotide Axis Hypothesis: ATP release and metabolism by coronary endothelium, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281, H1657-66, 2001
豚鼠	Guinea pig, 250-450 g	Endothelial	Collagenase Type 2: 0.15%	Perfusing solution	Preisig-Muller, R., Mederos Y Schnitzler, M., Derst, C., and Daut J.:Separation of Cardiomyocytes and Coronary Endothelial Cells for Cell-Specific RT-PCR, Am J Physiol 277, H413, 1999
豚鼠	Guinea pig, 250-450 g	Endothelial	Collagenase Type 2: 0.15%	(see reference)
豚鼠	豚鼠, male, 450-600 g	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.02%	Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate buffer	Stemmer, P., Akera,T., Brody, T., Rardon, D., and Watanabe, A.: Isolation and Enrichment of Ca2+-Tolerant Myocytes for Biochemical Experiments from Guinea-Pig Heart, Life Sci 44, 1231, 1989
豚鼠	豚鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase: 0.04%	Tyrode solution, CF	Ishihara, K., Mitsuiye, T., Noma, A., and Takano, M.: The Mg2+ Block and Intrinsic Gating Underlying Inward Rectification of the K+ Current in Guinea-Pig Cardiac Myocytes, J Physiol 419, 297, 1989
豚鼠	豚鼠	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.10%	Bicarbonate buffer, CF	Bridge, J., Spitzer, K., and Ershler, P.: Relaxation of Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes by a Voltage-Dependent, Science 241, 823, 1988
人類	人類	Cardiac	Collagenase: 0.045%	DPBS	Holt-Casper, D., Theisen, J., Moreno, A., Warren, M., Silva, F., Grainger, D., Bull, D. and Pa, A.: Novel Xeno-free Human Heart Matrix-Derived Three-Dimensional Scaffolds., J Transl Med 13, 194, 2015
人類	人類	Cardiac	Pancreatin: 0.1%	DPBS
人類	人類	Cardiac stem	Collagenase Type 2: 0.25%	Joklik modified Eagle抯	Avolio, E., Gianfranceschi, G., Cesselli, D., Caragnano, A., Athanasakis, E., Katare, R., Meloni, M., Palma, A., Barchiesi, A., Vascotto, C., Toffoletto, B., Mazzega, E., Finato, N., Aresu, G. and Livi, U.: Ex vivo Molecular Rejuvenation Improves the Therapeutic Activity of Senescent Human Cardiac Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction., Stem Cells 32, 2373, 2014
人類	人類	Atrial myocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 286 u/ml	see references	Voigt, N., Zhou, X. and Dobrev, D.: Isolation of Human Atrial Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and Membrane Currents., J Vis Exp , e50235, 2013
人類	人類	Atrial myocytes	Protease: 5 u/ml	see references
人類	人類	Myofibers	Collagenase Type 1: 0.3%	see reference	Anderson, E., Rodriguez, E., Anderson, C., Thayne, K., Chitwood, W. and Kypson, A.: Increased Propensity for Cell Death in Diabetic Human Heart is Mediated by Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathways., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300, H118, 2011
人類	人類	Atrial cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 286 u/ml	see reference	Voigt, N., Makary, S., Nat, S. and Dobrev, D.: Voltage-Clamp-Based Methods for the Detection of Constitutively Active Acetylcholine-Gated I(K,ACh) Channels in the Diseased Heart., Methods Enzymol 484, 653, 2010
人類	人類	Atrial cardiomyocytes	Protease: 5 u/ml	see reference
人類	人類	Coronary artery smooth muscle	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	DMEM	Jensen, B., Swigart, P., Laden, M., DeMarco, T., Hoopes, C. and Simpson, P.: The Alpha-1D Is the Predominant Alpha-1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype in Human Epicardial Coronary Arteries., J Am Coll Cardiol 54, 1137, 2009
人類	人類	Coronary artery smooth muscle	Elastase: 0.05%	DMEM
人類	人類	Smooth muscle aortic	Collagenase Type 1: 0.2%	DMEM	Mathew, S., Tustison, K., Sugatani, T., Chaudhary, L., Rifas, L. and Hruska, K.: The Mechanism of Phosphorus as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in CKD., J Am Soc Nephrol 19, 1092, 2008
			Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
			Elastase: 0.025%
人類	人類 (n=16, age: 60 &plusmin;3 years)	Myocardial	Hyaluronidase: 0.05%	Medium 199	Mukerjee, R., Multani, M., Sample, J., Dowdy, K., Zellner, J., Hoover, D., and Spinale, F.: Effects of adrenomedullin on human myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic response, J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 (4), 235, 2002
人類	人類	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	HEPES solution	Todor Anastassia, Sharov Victor G, Tanhehco Elaine J, Silverman Norman, Bernabei Alvise, Sabbah Hani N: Hypoxia-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and DFF45/ICAD in human failed cardiomyocytes, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283, H990-5, 2002
			Collagenase Type 1: 0.025%
			Protease XIV: 0.013%
人類	人類	Heart	Collagenase Type 2: 200 u/ml	Tyrode's solution	Hoppe, U., Jansen, E., Sudkamp, M., and Beukelmann, D.:Hyperpolarization-Activated Inward Current in Ventricular Myocytes From Normal and Failing Human Hearts, Circulation 97, 55, 1998
人類	人類	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 200 u/ml	Tyrode's solution
人類	人類	Atrial myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	see reference	Van Wagoner, D., Pond, A., McCarthy, P., Trimmer, J. and Nerbonne, J.:Outward K+ Current Densities and Kv1.5 Expression are Reduced in Chronic Human Atrial Fibrillation., Circ Res 80, 772-81, 1997
人類	人類	Atrial myocytes	Protease Type XIV: 0.04%	see reference
人類	人類, fetal, 14.5 week gestation	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.1%	HBSS with Calcium	Goldman, B., and Wurzel, J.: Effects of Subc*tion and Culture Medium on Differentiation of Human Fetal Cardiac Myocytes, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 28, 109, 1992
人類	人類, both sexes, 18-81 years	Myocardial	Collagenase: 0.14%	HBSS, CMF	Smith, D., Glover, J., Townsend, L., and Maupin, E.: A Method for the Harvest, Culture, and Characterization of Human Adult Atrial Myocardial Cells: Correlation with Age of Donor, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27, 914, 1991
人類	人類, both sexes, 18-81 years	Atrial	Collagenase: 0.14%	HBSS, CMF
人類	人類, adult	Myocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	Joklik's MEM	Bugaisky, L.B.: Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,Isolation and Culture of Human Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark,Decker,Borg,eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., , 1988
人類	人類	Thoracic aorta	Collagenase: 0.2%	Phosphate buffer w/NaCl	Hassler, O., Wiren, M., and Herbertsson, S.: The Elastic Coat of the Arterial Wall Studied with the Aid of Collagenase, Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 57, 15, 1963
無脊椎動物	E. cirhosa章魚, 260-352 克	Systemic heart cardiomyocytes	Collagenase: 0.025%	see reference	Altimiras J., Hove-Madsen L., and Gesser H.: Ca(2+) Uptake in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum from the Systemic Heart of Octopod Cephalopods, J Exp Biol 202, 2531, 1999
無脊椎動物	E. cirhosa章魚, 260-352 克	Systemic heart cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.02%	see reference
小鼠	小鼠, 15-30 gm	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%	see reference	Henn, M., Janjua, M., Kanter, E., Makepeace, C., Schuessler, R., Nichols, C. and Lawton, J.: Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Kir Subunits Implicated in Cardioprotection by Diazoxide., J Am Heart Assoc 4, , 2015
小鼠	小鼠, 3-4 week	Cardiac progenitor	Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%	DMEM	Wang, H., Chen, H., Feng, B., Wang, X., He, X., Hu, R., Yin, M., Wang, W., Fu, W. and Xu, Z.: Isolation and Characterization of a Sca-1+/CD31- Progenitor Cell Lineage Derived From Mouse Heart Tissue., BMC Biotech4, 75, 2014
小鼠	小鼠, adult	Cardiac Progenitor	Collagenase Type 2: 600 u/ml	MEM	Santos Nascimento, D, Mosqueira, D, Sousa, L, Teixeira, M, Filipe, M, Resende, T, Araujo, A, Valente, M, Almeida, J, Martins, J, Santos, J, Barcia, R, Cruz, P, Cruz, H and Pinto-d-O, P: Human Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Attenuate Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction by Proangiogenic, Antiapoptotic, and Endogenous Cell-Activation Mechanisms., Stem Cell Res Ther 5, 5, 2014
小鼠	小鼠, adult	Cardiac Progenitor	Deoxyribonuclease I: 60 u/ml	MEM
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiac progenitor	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	HBSS	Zafiriou, M., Noack, C., Unsold, B., Didie, M., Pavlova, E., Fischer, H., Reichardt, H., Bergmann, M., El-Armouche, A., Zimmermann, W., Zelarayan, L.: Erythropoietin Responsive Cardiomyogenic Cells Contribute to Heart Repair Post Myocardial Infarction., Stem Cells 32, 2480, 2014
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiac progenitor	Neutral Protease: 2.4 u/ml	HBSS
小鼠	小鼠, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%	see reference	Kohncke, C. Lisewski, U., Schleussner, L., Gaertner, C., Reichert, S. and Roepke, T.: Isolation and Kv Channel Recordings in Murine Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes., J Vis Exp 73, e50145, 2013
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml	MEM	Hennessey, J., Wei, E. and Pitt, G.: Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factors Modulate Cardiac Calcium Channels., Circ Res 113, 381-8, 2013
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 360 u/ml	L-15	Touchberry, C., Green, T., Tchikrizov, V., Mannix, J., Mao, T., Carney, B., Girgis, M., Vincent, R., Wetmore, L., Dawn, B., Bonewald, L., Stubbs, J. and Wacker, M.: FGF23 is a Novel Regulator of Intracellular Calcium and Cardiac Contractility in Addition to Cardiac Hypertrophy., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304, E863, 2013
			Papain: 0.4 u/ml
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 40 u/ml
小鼠	小鼠, 2-6 month	Sinoatrial node	Collagenase Type 2: 229 u/ml	Tyrode's solution	Chris, C., Cardona, N., Mesirca, P., Herrmann, S., Hofmann, F., Striessnig, J., Ludwig, A., Mangoni, M. and Lee, A.: Distinct Localization and Modulation of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ Channels in Mouse Sinoatrial Node., J Physiol 590, 6327, 2012
			Elastase: 1.9 u/ml
			Protease Type XIV: 0.9 u/ml
小鼠	小鼠, male, 8-25 week	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 59 u/ml	MEM	Carley, A. and Kleinfeld, A.: Fatty Acid (FFA) Transport in Cardiomyocytes Revealed by Imaging Unbound FFA is Mediated by an FFA Pump Modulated by the CD36 Protein., J Biol Chem 286, 4589-97, 2011
小鼠	小鼠	Aortic adventitial leukocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml	PBS	Butcher, M., Herre, M., Ley, K. and Galkina, E.: Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas., J Vis Exp 53, e2828, 2011
小鼠	小鼠	Aortic adventitial leukocytes	Elastase: 5.6 u/ml	PBS
小鼠	小鼠, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.1-0.4%	see reference	Flynn, J., Santana, L. and Melov, S.: Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes., J Vis Exp 58, e3302, 2011
小鼠	小鼠, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Protease Type XIV: 0.004-.02%	see reference
小鼠	小鼠, male, 6 week	Coronary endothelial cells	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	M199	Makino, A., Suarez, J., Wang, H., Belke, D., Scott, B. and Dillmann, W.:Thyroid Hormone Receptor-beta is Associated With Coronary Angiogenesis During Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy., Endocrinology 150, 2008, 2009
小鼠	小鼠, male, 6 week	Coronary endothelial cells	Neutral Protease: 0.6 u/ml	M199
小鼠	小鼠, adult	Ventricular myoctes	Collagenase: 0.1%	M199	Zhang, Y, Kanter, E., Laing, J., Aprhys, C., Johns, D., Kardami, E. and Yamada, K.: Connexin43 Expression Levels Influence Intercellular Coupling and Cell Proliferation of Native Murine Cardiac Fibroblasts., Cell Commun Adhes 15, 289, 2008
小鼠	小鼠, adult, 9-13 week	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 620 u/ml	Myocyte buffer see reference	Kabaeva, Z., Zhao, M. and Michele, D.: Blebbistatin Extends Culture Life of Adult Mouse Cardiac Myocytes and Allows Efficient and Stable Transgene Expression., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294, H1667-74, 2008
			Protease XIV: 0.104 u/ml
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.0015%
小鼠	小鼠, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase: see reference	HBSS	O'Connell Timothy D, Rodrigo Manoj C, Simpson Paul C: Isolation and culture of adult mouse cardiac myocytes, Methods Mol Biol 357, 271-96, 2007
小鼠	小鼠	Smooth muscle cells	Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml	F10 Ham	Verheye, S., Martinet, W., Kockx, M., Knaapen, M., Salu, K., Timmermans, J., Ellis, J., Kilpatrick, D., DeMayer, G.: Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy, J Am Coll Cardiol49, 706, 2007
小鼠	小鼠	Smooth muscle cells	Elastase: 5 u/ml	F10 Ham
小鼠	小鼠, adult, 6-12 week	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	see reference	Shioya, T: A Simple Technique for Isolating Healthy Heart Cells from Mouse Models., J Physiol Sci 57, 327-35, 2007
			Trypsin: 0.006%
			Protease XIV: 0.006%
小鼠	小鼠	Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC	Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%	Krebs-Ringer	Lu Tong, Ye Dan, Wang Xiaoli, Seubert John M, Graves Joan P, Bradbury J Alyce, Zeldin Darryl C, Lee Hon-Chi: Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms, J Physiol 575, 627-44, 2006
小鼠	小鼠	Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC	Papain: 0.175%	Krebs-Ringer
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.17%	PBS	Chen, H., Yong, W., Ren, S., Shen, W., He, Y., Cox, K., Zhu, W., Li, W., Soonpaa, M., Payne, RM, Franco, D., Field, L., Rosen, V., Wang, Y. and Shou, W.: Overexpression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 10 in Myocardium Disrupts Cardiac Postnatal Hypertrophic Growth., J Biol Chem 281, 27481, 2006
小鼠	小鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyoctes	Collagenase Type 1: 150 u/ml	M199	Takahashi N, Wang X, Tanabe S, Uramoto H, Jishage K, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Okada Y.: ClC-3-independent sensitivity of apoptosis to Cl- channel blockers in mouse cardiomyocytes, Cell Physiol Biochem 15, 263, 2005
小鼠	小鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyoctes	Trypsin: 0.01%	M199
小鼠	小鼠, 1 day	Cardiomyoctes	NCIS kit: per instructions	EBSS	Potts, Malia B., Vaughn, Allyson E., McDonough, Holly, Patterson, Cam, and Deshmukh, Mohanish: Reduced Apaf-1 levels in cardiomyocytes engage strict regulation of apoptosis by endogenous XIAP, J Cell Biol 171, 925, 2005
小鼠	小鼠	Aortic endothelial	Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%	DMEM	Kobayashi, M., Inoue, K., Warabi, E., Minami, T. and Kodama, T.: A Simple Method of Isolating Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells., J Atheroscler Thromb 12, 138, 2005
小鼠	小鼠	Smooth muscle cells	Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%	DMEM	Fukumoto Yoshihiro, Deguchi Jun-o, Libby Peter, Rabkin-Aikawa Elena, Sakata Yasuhiko, Chin Michael T, Hill Christopher C, Lawler Patrick R, Varo Nerea, Schoen Frederick J, Krane Stephen M, Aikawa Masanori:Genetically determined resistance to collagenase action augments interstitial collagen accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques, Circulation 110, 1953-9, 2004
小鼠	小鼠	Smooth muscle cells	Elastase: 0.0125%	DMEM
小鼠	小鼠, female, 14-18 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.02%	see reference	Zhang Sui, Wang Dachun, Estrov Zeev, Raj Sean, Willerson James T, Yeh Edward T H: Both cell fusion and transdifferentiation account for the transformation of human peripheral blood CD34-positive cells into cardiomyocytes in vivo, Circulation 110, 3803-7, 2004
			Elastase: 0.03%
			Pancreatin: 0.06%
小鼠	小鼠, 6-8 week	Vascular smooth muscle	Papain: 10 u/ml	EBSS	Qian, Q., Hunter, L., Li, M., Marin-Padilla, M., Prakash, Y., Somlo, S., Harris, P., Torres, V., and Sieck, G.: Pkd2 Haploinsufficiency Alters Intracellular Calcium Regulation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Hum Mol Genet 12(15), 1875, 2003
			Elastase: .005%
			Collagenase: 0.05%
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 1000 u/ml
			PDS kit: with modifications
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%	DMEM/F-12	Rybkin, I., Markham, D., Yan, Z., Bassel-Duby, R., Williams, R., and Olson, E.: Conditional Expression of SV40 T-antigen in Mouse Cardiomyocytes Facilitates an Inducible Switch from Proliferation to Differentiation, J Biol Chem 278(18), 15927, 2003
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Pancreatin: 0.06%	DMEM/F-12
小鼠	小鼠, neonatal 2-4 day	Atrial myocytes	NCIS kit: with modifications see reference	L-15	Bettahi, I,, Marker, C., Roman, M., and Wickman, K.: Contribution of the Kir3.1 Subunit to the Muscarinic-gated Atrial Potassium Channel IKACh, J Biol Chem 277, 48282, 2002
小鼠	小鼠, neonatal and adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.03-0.2%	Joklik's MEM	Schreiber, K., Paquet, L., Allen, B., and Rindt, H.: Protein Kinase C Isoform Expression and Activity in the Mouse Heart, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol281(5), H2062, 2001
小鼠	小鼠, NTg and Tg, 8 - 12 week	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml	Joklik's MEM	Nelson, D., Setser, E., Hall, D., Schwartz, S., Hewitt, T., Klevitsky, R., Osinska, H., Bellgrau, D., Duke, R., and Robbins, J.: Proinflammatory Consequences of Transgenic Fas Ligand Expression in the Heart, J Clin Invest 105 (9), 1199, 2000
小鼠	小鼠, 1-6 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	PBS	Watzka SB, Lucien J, Shimada M, Edwards V, Yeger H, Hannigan G, and Coles JG.: Selection of viable cardiomyocytes for cell transplantation using three-dimensional tissue culture, Transplantation 70, 1310, 2000
小鼠	小鼠, 1-6 day	Cardiomyocytes	Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.002%	PBS
小鼠	小鼠, 2-4 mo	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	MEM	Zhou YY, Wang SQ, Zhu WZ, Chruscinski A, Kobilka BK, Ziman B, Wang S, Lakatta EG, Cheng H, Xiao RP: Culture and adenoviral infection of adult mouse cardiac myocytes: methods for cellular genetic physiology, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279, H429-36, 2000
			Collagenase Type 4: 0.05%
			Protease XIV: 0.002%
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml	Joklik's MEM	Christensen G, Minamisawa S, Gruber PJ, Wang Y, Chien KR: High-efficiency, long-term cardiac expression of foreign genes in living mouse embryos and neonates, Circulation 101, 178-84, 2000
小鼠	小鼠, 1-3 day	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.25%	FBS-MEM	Wang, G., and Kang, Y.: Inhibition of Doxorubicin Toxicity in Cultured Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes with Elevated Metallothionein Levels, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288(3), 938, 1999
小鼠	小鼠, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: with modifications see reference	L-15	Lader, A., Kwiatkowski, D., and Cantiello, H.: Role of Gelsolin in the Actin Filament Regulation of Cardiac L-type Calcium Channels, Am J Physiol 277, C1277, 1999
小鼠	小鼠, 3-7 month	Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle	Trypsin: 0.25%	DMEM	Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH: Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation, Mol Biol Cell 10, 1569-79, 1999
			Collagenase: see reference
			Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: .05%
小鼠	小鼠 (BALB/c), adult	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.04%	Tyrode's solution	Felzen, B., Shilkrut, M., Less, H., Sarapov, I., Maor, G., Coleman, R., Robinson, R., et al.: Fas (CD95/Apo-1)-Mediated Damage to Ventricular Myocytes Induced by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Perforin-Deficient Mice,Circ Res 82, 438, 1998
小鼠	小鼠, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: with modifications see reference	L-15	Lader, A., Xiao, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Cui, Y., Vatner, D., Vatner, S., Homcy, C., Cantiello, H.: Cardiac Gsalpha Overexpression Enhances L-type Calcium Channels Through an Adenylyl Cyclase Independent Pathway, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 9669, 1998
小鼠	小鼠, P0-P1	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase: 0.045%	DMEM, Medium 199	Arber, S., Hunter, J., Ross, J., Hongo, M., Sansig, G., Borg, J., Perriard, J., Chien, K., and Caroni, P.: MLP-Deficient Mice Exhibit a Disruption of Cardiac Cytoarchitectural Organization, Dilated Cadiomyopathy, and Heart Failure,Cell 88, 393, 1997
小鼠	小鼠, 6-9 or 21-41 day	Ventricular and atrial myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml	DMEM/Tyrodes	Valenzuela, D., Han, X., Mende, U., Fankhauser, C., Mashimo, H., Huang, P., Pfeffer, J., Neer, E., and Fishman, M.: G alpha(o) is Necessary for Muscarinic Regulation of Ca2+ Channels in Mouse Heart, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(5), 1727, 1997
			Hyaluronidase: 172.5 u/ml
			Trypsin: 0.002%
			Deoxyribonuclease I: 60u/ml
小鼠	小鼠	Cardiomyocyte	Collagenase: 0.17 %	PBS	Soonpaa, M., Kim, K., Pajak, aL., Franklin, M., and Field, L.:Cardiomyocyte DNA Synthesis and Binucleation During Murine Development,Am J Physiol 271, H2183, 1996
小鼠	小鼠 embryos	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%	DMEM	Wobus, A., Kleppisch, T., Maltsev, V., and Hescheler, J.: Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells Differentiated In Vitro From Embryonic Carcinoma Cells P19 are Characterized by Functional Expression of Adrenoceptors and Ca²⁺Channels,In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 30A, 425, 1994
小鼠	小鼠	Myocytes	Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%	Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF	Gross, W., Schopf-Ebner, E., and Bucher, O.: Technique for the Preparation of Homogeneous Cultures of Isolated Heart Muscle Cells, Exp Cell Res 53, 1, 1968
小鼠	(also rat, neonate and chick, 8 day embryo)	Myocytes	Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%	Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF
綿羊	綿羊	Atrial myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.055%	Tyrode's solution	Voigt, N., Pearman, C., Dobrev, D. and Dibb, K.: Methods for Isolating Atrial Cells from Large Mammals and Humans., J Mol Cell Cardiol 86, 187-98, 2015
綿羊	綿羊	Atrial myocytes	Protease XIV: 0.006%	Tyrode's solution
綿羊	綿羊	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.055%	See reference	Dibb, K., Clarke, J., Horn, M., Richards, M., Graham, H., Eisner, D. and Trafford, A.: Characterization of an Extensive Transverse Tubular Network in Sheep Atrial Myocytes and its Depletion in Heart Failure., Circ Heart Fail 2, 482-9, 2009
綿羊	綿羊	Cardiomyocytes	Protease Type XIV: 0.006%	See reference
綿羊	綿羊	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 100-200 u/ml	See reference	Dhamoon, A, Pandit, S., Sarmast, F., Parisian, K., Guha, P., Li, Y., Bagwe, S., Taffet, S. and Anumonwo, J.: Unique Kir2.x Properties Determine Regional and Species Differences in the Cardiac Inward Rectifier K+ Current.,Circ Res 94, 1332-9, 2004
豬	豬	Aortic smooth muscle and intersitial cells	Collagenase: 600 u/ml	PBS	Butcher, J. and Nerem, R.: Porcine Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture: Comparison of Phenotype with Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells., J Heart Valve Dis 13, 478, 2004
豬	豬	Coronary vascular smooth muscle (PCVSMCs)	Trypsin: 0.037%	HEPES	Christ, M., Gunther, A., Heck, M., Schmidt, B., Falkenstein, E., and Wehling, M.: Aldosterone, Not Estradiol, Is the Physiological Agonist for Rapid Increases in cAMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Circulation 99, 1485, 1999
豬	Miniature swine, adult, female, 25-40 kg, familiarized with treadmill exercise	Coronary smooth muscle	Trypsin: 0.1%	Krebs bicarbonate solution	Bowles, D., Hu, Q., Laughlin, M., and Sturek, M.: Exercise Training Increases L-type Calcium Current Density in Coronary Smooth Muscle, Am J Physiol 275 (44), H2159, 1998
兔	兔, New Zealand, 2.3-2.9 kg	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.05%	Krebs-Henseleit	Farkas, A., Acsai, K., Nagy, N., Toth, A., Fulop, F., Seprenyi, G., Birinyi, P., Nanasi, P., Forster, T., Csanady, M., Papp, J., Varrro, A. and Farkas, A.:Na(+)/Ca(2+) Exchanger Inhibition Exerts a Positive Inotropic Effect in the Rat Heart, but Fails to Influence the Contractility of the Rabbit Heart., Br J Pharmacol 154, 93, 2008
			Hyaluronidase: see reference
			Protease: see reference
兔	兔	Smooth muscle cells	Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml	F10 Ham	Verheye, S., Martinet, W., Kockx, M., Knaapen, M., Salu, K., Timmermans, J., Ellis, J., Kilpatrick, D., DeMayer, G.: Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy, J Am Coll Cardiol49, 706, 2007
兔	兔	Smooth muscle cells	Elastase: 5 u/ml	F10 Ham
兔	兔, New Zealand, 2 kg	Cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts	Collagenase: 0.06%	Medium 199	Driesen Ronald B, Dispersyn Gerrit D, Verheyen Fons K, van den Eijnde Stefan M, Hofstra Leo, Thone Fred, Dijkstra Petra, Debie Wiel, Borgers Marcel, Ramaekers Frans C S: Partial cell fusion: a newly recognized type of communication between dedifferentiating cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts,Cardiovasc Res 68, 37-46, 2005
兔	兔, New Zealand White, 2-3 kg	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	HEPES	Spitzer, K., Ershler, P., Skolnick, R., and Vaughan-Jones, R.: Generation of Intracellular pH Gradients in Single Cardiac Myocytes with a Microperfusion System, Am J Physiol 278, H1371, 2000
兔	兔, New Zealand, white, either sex	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	EGTA-KB	Sedarat, F., Xu, L., Moore, E., and Tibbits, G.: Colocalization of Dihydropyridine and Ryanodine Receptors in Neonate Rabbit Heart Using Confocal Microscopy, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279, H202, 2000
兔	兔, adult 1.5-2.5 kg	Tricuspid valve cells	Collagenase: 0.8 mg/ml	HEPES Tyrode solution	Anumonwo JM, Delmar M, and Jalife J.: Electrophysiology of single heart cells from the rabbit tricuspid valve, J Physiol 425, 145, 1990
兔	兔, New Zealand, white, male, 2-3 kg	Cardiomyocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.5%	Eagle's MEM	Buxton, I., and Brunton, L.: Compartments of Cyclic AMP and Protein Kinase in Mammalian Cardiomyocytes, J Biol Chem 258 (17), 10233, 1983
兔	兔, adult, 2 kg	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.007%	Kreb's Ringer	Dani, A., Cittadini, A., Flamini, G., Festuccia, G., and Terranova, T.:Preparation and Some Properties of Isolated Beating Myocytes from Adult Rabbit Heart, J Mol Cell Cardiol 9, 777, 1977
大鼠	大鼠, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	MEM	Xie, L., Pi, X., Townley-Tilson, WH., Li, N., Wehrens, X., Entman, M., Taffet, G., Mishra, A., Peng, J., Schisler, J., Meissner, G. and Patterson, C.: PHD2/3-dependent Hydroxylation Tunes Cardiac Response to 尾-adrenergic Stress via Phospholamban., J Clin Invest 125, 2759-71, 2015
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, 250-350g	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 251 u/ml	Tyrode solution	Calderon-Sachez, E., Domi璶guez-Rodriguez, A., Lopez-Haldon, J., Jimenez-Navarro, M., Gomez, A., Smani, T. and Ordonez, A.:Cardioprotective Effect of Ranolazine in the Process of Ischemia-reperfusion in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes., Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) , , 2015
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 8-10 week	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase: 0.08%	Tyrode's Solution	Lee, J., Ha, J. and Leem, C.: A Novel Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Correction Method for Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Measurement with FURA-2-FF in Single Permeabilized Ventricular Myocytes of Rat., Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 19, 373-82, 2015
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 8-10 week	Ventricular myocytes	Pronase: 0.004%	Tyrode's Solution
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.025%	HBSS	Clark, A. and Naya, F.: MicroRNAs in the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2)-regulated Gtl2-Dio3 Noncoding RNA Locus Promote Cardiomyocyte Proliferation by Targeting the Transcriptional Coactivator Cited2., J Biol Chem 290, 23162-72, 2015
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 1.0%	HBSS
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 2-3 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	DMEM	Fang, R, Qiao, S., Liu, Y., Meng, Q., Chen, X., Song, B., Hou, X. and Tian, W.: Sustained Co-Delivery of BIO and IGF-1 by a Novel Hybrid Hydrogel System to Stimulate Endogenous Cardiac Repair in Myocardial Infarcted Rat Hearts., Int J Nanomedicine 10, 4691-703, 2015
大鼠	大鼠, SD	Valve Interstitial cells	Collagenase Type 2: 600 u/ml	DMEM	Horne, T., VandeKopple, M., Sauls, K., Koenig, S., Anstine, L., Garg, V., Norris, R. and Lincoln, J.: Dynamic Heterogeneity of the Heart Valve Interstitial Cell Population in Mitral Valve Health and Disease, J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2, 214, 2015
大鼠	Wistar, 200 g	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml	HEPES	Miller, L., Greensmith, D., Sankaranarayanan, R., O'Neill, S. and Eisner D.:The Effect of 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (TBQ) on Intracellular Ca2+ Handling in Rat Ventricular Myocytes., Cell Calcium 58, 208-14, 2015
大鼠	Wistar, 200 g	Ventricular myocytes	Protease: 0.1 u/ml	HEPES
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 3-4 month	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	DMEM	Liu, L., Wang, Y., Cao, Z., Wang, M., Liu, X., Gao, T., Hu, Q., Yuan, W. and Lin, L.: Up-regulated TLR4 in Cardiomyocytes Exacerbates Heart Failure after Long-Term Myocardial Infarction., J Cell Mol Med 19, 2728, 2015
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	HBSS	Song, D., Lee, K., Ryu, J., Jeon, H. and Kim, D.: The Molecular Interaction of Heart LIM Protein (HLP) with RyR2 and Caveolin-3 is Essential for Ca(2+)-Induced Ca(2+) Release in the Heart., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 463, 975-81, 2015
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.06%	HBSS	Zhang, B., Montgomery, M., Davenport-Huyer, L., Korolj, A. and Radisic, M.: Platform Technology for Scalable Assembly of Instantaneously Functional Mosaic Tissues., Sci. Adv. 1, e1500423, 2015
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 220 u/ml	HBSS
大鼠	大鼠	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml	MEM	Hennessey, J., Wei, E. and Pitt, G.: Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factors Modulate Cardiac Calcium Channels., Circ Res 113, 381-8, 2013
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, 175-200g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml	see reference	Eckerle, L., Felix, S. and Herda, L.: Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes., J Vis Exp 73, e4237, 2013
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.06%	DMEM	Zhang, B., Green, J., Murthy, S. and Radisic, M.: Label-Free Enrichment of Functional Cardiomyocytes using Microfluidic Deterministic Lateral Flow Displacement., PLoS ONE 7, e37619, 2012
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 220 u/ml	DMEM
大鼠	大鼠, adult	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%	Medium 199	Karakikes, I., Hadri, L., Rapti, K., Ladage, D., Ishikawa, K., Tilemann, L., Yi, G., Morel, C., Gwathmey, J., Zsebo, K., Weber, T., Kawase, Y. and Hajjar, R.: Concomitant Intravenous Nitroglycerin with Intracoronary Delivery of AAV1.SERCA2a Enhances Gene Transfer in Porcine Hearts., Mol Therapy 20, 565, 2012
大鼠	大鼠, 3 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml	PBS	Ye, K., Sullivan, K. and Black, L.: Encapsulation of Cardiomyocytes in a Fibrin Hydrogel for Cardiac Tissue Engineering., J Vis Exp 55, 3251, 2011
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.056%	Krebs	Mellor, K., Bell, J., Wendt, I., Davidoff, A., Ritchie, R. and Delbridge, L.:Fructose Modulates Cardiomyocyte Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Ca Handling In Vitro., PLoS ONE 6, e25204, 2011
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Dittami, G., Rajguru, S., Lasher, R., Hitchcock, R. and Rabbitt, R.:Intracellular Calcium Transients Evoked by Pulsed Infrared Radiation in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes., J Physiol 589, 1295-306, 2011
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.07%	DMEM/M199	Guan, X., Delo, D., Atala, A. and Soker, S.: In Vitro Cardiomyogenic Potential of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells., J Tissue Eng Regen Med 5, 220, 2011
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	DMEM/M199
大鼠	大鼠, adult	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.025%	see reference	Louch, W., Sheehan, K. and Wolska, B.: Methods in Cardiomyocyte Isolation, Culture, and Gene Transfer., J Mol Cell Cardiol 51, 288-98, 2011
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, male	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Brinckmann, M., Kaschina, E., Altarche-Xifro, W., Curato, C., Timm, M., Grzesiak, A., Dong, J., Kappert, K., Kintscher, U., Unger, T. and Li, J.:Estrogen Receptor Alpha Supports Cardiomyocytes Indirectly Through Post-Infarct Cardiac c-kit+ Cells., J Mol Cell Cardiol 47, 66, 2009
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Smith, M., Huang, Y. and Deshmukh, M.: Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Evokes Endogenous XIAP to Restrict the Apoptotic Pathway., PLoS ONE 4, e5097, 2009
大鼠	大鼠, adult	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	Media 199	Xu, X. and Colecraft, H.: Primary Culture of Adult Rat Heart Myocytes., J Vis Exp 28, 1308, 2009
大鼠	大鼠, adult	Myocytes	Protease XIV: 0.02%	Media 199
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 200-250 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.05%	Krebs-Henseleit	Farkas, A., Acsai, K., Nagy, N., Toth, A., Fulop, F., Seprenyi, G., Birinyi, P., Nanasi, P., Forster, T., Csanady, M., Papp, J., Varrro, A. and Farkas, A.:Na(+)/Ca(2+) Exchanger Inhibition Exerts a Positive Inotropic Effect in the Rat Heart, but Fails to Influence the Contractility of the Rabbit Heart., Br J Pharmacol 154, 93, 2008
			Hyaluronidase: see reference
			Protease: see reference
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Kim, M., Oh, J., Sakata, S., Liang, I., Park, W., Hajjar, R. and Lebeche, D.:Role of Resistin in Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy., J Mol Cell Cardiol 45, 270, 2008
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	DMEM/F-12	Jang, J., Ku, S., Kim, J., Choi, K., Kim, Y., Kim, H., Oh, S., Lee, E., Cho, H., Song, Y., Lee, S., Lee, S., Suh, C., Kim, S., Moon, S. and Choi, Y.: Notch Inhibition Promotes Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Mesoderm Differentiation., Stem Cells 26, 2782, 2008
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male, 225-250g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	J-MEM	Kubli, D., Quinsay, M., Huang, C., Lee, Y., Gustafsson, A.: Bnip3 Functions as a Mitochondrial Sensor of Oxidative Stress During Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295, H2025, 2008
大鼠	大鼠, 2-3 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	DMEM	LaFramboise, W., Scalise, D., Stoodley, P., Graner, S., Guthrie, R., Magovern, J and Becich, M.: Cardiac Fibroblasts Influence Cardiomyocyte Phenotype in Vitro., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292, C1799-808, 2007
大鼠	大鼠, 2-3 day	Cardiomyocytes	Pancreatin: 0.1%	DMEM
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Robinet, A., Millart, H., Oszust, F., Hornebeck, W. and Bellon, G.: Binding of Elastin Peptides to S-Gal Protects the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Triggering the RISK Pathway., FASEB J 21, 1968, 2007
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 300-350 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	DMEM	Niederbichler Andreas D, Hoesel Laszlo M, Westfall Margaret V, Gao Hongwei, Ipaktchi Kyros R, Sun Lei, Zetoune Firas S, Su Grace L, Arbabi Saman, Sarma J Vidya, Wang StewartC, Hemmila MarkR, Ward PeterA:An essential role for complement C in the pathogenesis of septic cardiac dysfunction, J Exp Med 203, 53-61, 2006
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 300-350 g	Cardiomyocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.02%	DMEM
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase: 0.13%	DMEM	Stagg Mark A, Coppen Steven R, Suzuki Ken, Varela-Carver Anabel, Lee Joon, Brand Nigel J, Fukushima Satsuki, Yacoub Magdi H, Terracciano Cesare M: Evaluation of frequency, type, and function of gap junctions between skeletal myoblasts overexpressing connexin43 and cardiomyocytes: relevance to cell transplantation, FASEB J 20, 744-6, 2006
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male	Ventricular myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.06%	DMEM
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 200-250 g	Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC	Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%	Krebs-Ringer	Lu Tong, Ye Dan, Wang Xiaoli, Seubert John M, Graves Joan P, Bradbury J Alyce, Zeldin Darryl C, Lee Hon-Chi: Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms, J Physiol 575, 627-44, 2006
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 200-250 g	Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC	Papain: 0.175%	Krebs-Ringer
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Butler, T., Au, C., Yang, B., Egan, J., Tan, Y., Hardeman, E., North, K., Verkman, A. and Winlaw, D.: Cardiac Aquaporin Expression in Humans, Rats, and Mice., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291, H705, 2006
大鼠	大鼠, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	DMEM/F-12	Pedram, A., Razandi, M., Aitkenhead, M., and Levin, E: Estrogen Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in vitro. Antagonism of Calcineurin-related Hypertrophy through Induction of MCIP1, J Biol Chem 280, 26339, 2005
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male, 250-300 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 250 u/ml	Cardioplegic solution	Head, B., Pa, H., Roth, D., Lai, N., Niesman, I., Farquhar, M. and Insel, P.: G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Components Localize in Both Sarcolemmal and Intracellular Caveolin-3-Associated Microdomains in Adult Cardiac Myocytes., J Biol Chem 280, 31036-44, 2005
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, 1-3 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Castillo, A., Ruzmetov, N., Harvey, K., Stillwell, W., Zaloga, G. and Siddiqui, R.: Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Protein Kinase C Translocation/Activation and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rat Cardiomyocytes., J Mol Genet Med 1, 18, 2005
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 2-4 day	Cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.1%	Medium 199	Entcheva, E., Bien, H, Yin L., Chung, C., Farrell, M., and Kostov, Y.:Functional Cardiac Cell Constructs on Cellulose-based Scaffolding,Biomaterials 25(26), 5753, 2004
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 2-4 day	Cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts	Collagenase: 0.1%	Medium 199
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Muller-Bore, B., Cascio, W., Anderson, P., Snowwaert, J., Frye, J., Desai, N., Esch, G., Brackham, J., Bagnell, C., Coleman, W., Grisham, J., and Malouf, N.: Adult-derived Liver Stem Cells Acquire a Cardiomyocyte Structural and Functional Phenotype ex vivo, Am J Pathol 165, 135, 2004
大鼠	大鼠,1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	DMEM	Natarajan AR, Rong Q, Katchman AN, and Ebert SN.: Intrinsic cardiac catecholamines help maintain beating activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures, Pediatr Res 56, 411, 2004
大鼠	大鼠, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	F-10	Chen, Z., Ge, Y., and Kang J.: Down-regulation of the M6P/IGF-II Receptor Increases Cell Proliferation and Reduces Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes, BMC Cell Biol 5, 15, 2004
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiac myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%	HBSS	Chen Hsiao-Huei, Mullett Steven J, Stewart Alexandre F R: Vgl-4, a novel member of the vestigial-like family of transcription cofactors, regulates alpha1-adrenergic activation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes, J Biol Chem 279, 30800-6, 2004
大鼠	大鼠, male, 250-300 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.03%	HBSS	Hunton DaciaL, Zou LuYun, Pang Yi, Marchase Richard B: Adult rat cardiomyocytes exhibit capacitative calcium entry, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286, H1124-32, 2004
大鼠	大鼠, male, 250-300 g	Cardiomyocytes	Protease: 0.01%	HBSS
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	DMEM	Tamamori-Adachi, M., Hayashida, K., Nobori, K., Omizu, C., Yamada, K., Sakamoto, N., Kamura, T., Fukuda, K., Ogawa, S., Nakayama, K. and Kitajima, S.: Down-Regulation of p27 Promotes Cell Proliferation of Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Induced by Nuclear Expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, J Biol Chem 2279, 50429, 2004
大鼠	大鼠, fetal or 3-day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	HEPES	Tamamori-Adachi Mimi, Ito Hiroshi, Sumrejkanchanakij Piyamas, Adachi Susumu, Hiroe Michiaki, Shimizu Masato, Kawauchi Junya, Sunamori Makoto, Marumo Fumiaki, Kitajima Shigetaka, Ikeda Masa-Aki: Critical role of cyclin D1 nuclear import in cardiomyocyte proliferation, Circ Res 92, e12-9, 2003
大鼠	大鼠, adult, 220-280g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 178 u/ml	Krebs-Henseleit, CF	Gordon Jennifer M, Dusting Gregory J, Woodman Owen L, Ritchie Rebecca H: Cardioprotective action of CRF peptide urocortin against simulated ischemia in adult rat cardiomyocytes, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284, H330-6, 2003
大鼠	大鼠, adult, 220-280g	Cardiomyocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.01%	Krebs-Henseleit, CF
大鼠	大鼠, 50 g	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase: 223 u/ml	Medium 199	Aberle II NS, and Ren J.: Experimental Assessment of the Role of Acetaldehyde in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy, Biol Proced Online 5, 1, 2003
			Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
			Trypsin: 0.002%
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Li TS, Ito H, Kajiwara K, and Hamano K.: Long-term survival of xenografted neonatal cardiomyocytes by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig expression and CD40 blockade, Circulation 108, 1760, 2003
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 200-300 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05-0.1%	Joklik's MEM	Swift Luther, McHowat Jane, Sarvazyan Narine: Inhibition of membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 as a potential culprit of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, Cancer Res 63, 5992-8, 2003
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 175-200g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	Krebs-Ringer	Tardif Annie, Julien Nathalie, Chiasson Jean-Louis, Coderre Lise:Stimulation of glucose uptake by chronic vanadate pretreatment in cardiomyocytes requires PI 3-kinase and p38 MAPK activation, Am J Physiol/Endo 284, E1055-64, 2003
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 175-200g	Cardiomyocytes	Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.02%	Krebs-Ringer
大鼠	大鼠, SD, pregnant female	Peritoneal mast	Hyaluronidase: 100 u/ml	DMEM (see reference)	DeAlmeida, A., Mustin, D., Forman, M., Brower, G., Janicki, J., and Carver, W.: Effects of mast cells on the behavior of isolated heart fibroblasts: modulation of collagen remodeling and gene expression, J Cell Physiol 191, 51, 2002
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal, adult, 17 day	Ventricular cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.7-1%	DMEM	Lam ML, Bartoli M, and Claycomb WC.: The 21-day postnatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cell in culture as an experimental model to study adult cardiomyocyte gene expression, Mol Cell Biochem 229, 51, 2002
大鼠	大鼠, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Yang Y, Liao H, Ke Q, Cai J, Xiao YF, and Morgan JP: Enhancement of nitric oxide production by methylecgonidine in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, Br J Pharmacol 135, 188, 2002
大鼠	大鼠, female, 250-300 g	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	Ringer solution	Liu Qinghang, Hofmann Polly A: Antiadrenergic effects of adenosine A(1) receptor-mediated protein phosphatase 2a activation in the heart, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283, H1314-21, 2002
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 80u/ml	M199	Shimizu Tatsuya, Yamato Masayuki, Isoi Yuki, Akutsu Takumitsu, Setomaru Takeshi, Abe Kazuhiko, Kikuchi Akihiko, Umezu Mitsuo, Okano Teruo: Fabrication of pulsatile cardiac tissue grafts using a novel 3-dimensional cell sheet manipulation technique and temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces, Circ Res 90, e40, 2002
大鼠	大鼠, male, 6-12 months old	Cardiac myocytes	Protease: 0.55 u/ml	Tyrode's solution	Kitta, K., Day, R., Ikeda, T., and Suzuki, Y.: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Protects Cardiac Myocytes Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis, Free Radic Biol Med 31 (7), 902, 2001
大鼠	大鼠, Harlan SD, pup	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin:	DMEM/Ham's F-12	Schwartzbauer, G., and Robbins, J.: The Tumor Suppressor Gene PTEN Can Regulate Cardiac Hypertrophy and Survival, J Biol Chem 276, 35786, 2001
大鼠	大鼠, SD, newborn	Cardiac myocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Rahman A, Alam M, Rao S, Cai L, Clark LT, Shafiq S, and Siddiqui MA:Differential effects of doxorubicin on atrial natriuretic peptide expression in vivo and in vitro, Biol Res 34(3-4), 195, 2001
大鼠	大鼠, adult	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase: 223 u/ml	Tyrode solution	Ren J, and Wold LE.: Measurement of Cardiac Mechanical Function in Isolated Ventricular Myocytes from Rats and Mice by Computerized Video-Based Imaging, Biol Proced Online 3, 43, 2001
			Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
			Trypsin: 0.002%
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 140 u/ml	Krebs-Henseleit	Dai L, Brookes PS, Darley-Usmar VM, and Anderson PG.: Bioenergetics in cardiac hypertrophy: mitochondrial respiration as a pathological target of NO, Am J Physiol/Heart 281, H2261-H2269, 2001
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	DMEM/M199	Guo K, Searfoss G, Krolikowski D, Pagnoni M, Franks C, Clark K, Yu KT, Jaye M, Ivashchenko Y: Hypoxia induces the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene BNIP3, Cell Death Differ 8, 367-76, 2001
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, female	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	Ringer solution	Pyle, W, Lester, J, and Hofmann, P.: Effects of Kappa-opioid receptor activation of myocardium, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281, H669, 2001
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.01%	HBSS	Arutunyan A, Webster D, Swift L, Sarvazyan N: Localized injury in cardiomyocyte network: a new experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 280, H1905-15, 2001
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%	HBSS
大鼠	大鼠, newborn	Atrial	Trypsin: 0.06%	DMEM	Kim, D., and Pleumsamran, A.: Cytoplasmic Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Inhibit ATP-Dependent Gating of the G Protein-gated K+ Channel, J Gen Physiol 115, 287, 2000
大鼠	大鼠, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 84 u/ml	M199 medium	Bueno OF, De Windt LJ, Tymitz KM, Witt SA, Kimball TR, Klevitsky R, Hewett TE, Jones SP, Lefer DJ, Peng CF, Kitsis RN, and Molkentin JD.: The MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes compensated cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice, EMBO J 19(23), 6341, 2000
大鼠	大鼠, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Pancreatin: 0.05%	M199 medium
大鼠	大鼠, Winstar, 1-2 day	Ventricular myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%	DMEM	Maki T, Horio T, Yoshihara F, Suga S, Takeo S, Matsuo H, and Kangawa K: Effect of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide as a paracrine factor in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, Br J Pharmacol 131(6), 1204, 2000
大鼠	大鼠, SD, adult female	Heart microvascular cells	CLSPA: 250u/ml	L-15	Puri S, Bansal DD, Uskokovic MR, and MacGregor RR.: Induction of tissue plasminogen activator secretion from rat heart microvascular cells by fM 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), Am J Physiol/Endo 278(2), E293, 2000
			Papain: 5 u/ml
			Elastase: 0.8 u/ml
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male, 250-300g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%	M199	Sun L, Chang J, Kirchhoff SR, and Knowlton AA.: Activation of HSF and selective increase in heat-shock proteins by acute dexamethasone treatment, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278(4), H1091, 2000
大鼠	大鼠, wistar, 2 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	DMEM-F12	Cowan DB, Poutias DN, Del Nido PJ, and McGowan FX Jr: CD14-independent activation of cardiomyocyte signal transduction by bacterial endotoxin, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279, H619, 2000
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	L-15	Webster DR, and Patrick DL.: Beating rate of isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes is regulated by the stable microtubule subset, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278, H1653, 2000
大鼠	大鼠, Lewis, adult male, 300-350-g	Aorta, smooth muscle	Trypsin: 0.025%	Medium 199 with 20% FBS medium	Kim, B., Nikolovski, J., Bonadio, J., Smiley, E., and Mooney, D.: Engineered Smooth Muscle Tissues: Regulating Cell Phenotype with the Scaffold, Exp Cell Res 251, 318, 1999
大鼠	大鼠, 10-15 newborn, 1-2 days old	Atrial	Trypsin: 0.03%	HBSS or EBSS	Nemec, J., Wickman, K., and Clapham, D.: GBy Binding Increases the Open Time of I_KACh: Kinetic Evidence for Multiple GBy Binding Sites, Biophys J 76, 246, 1999
大鼠	大鼠, 1-3 day	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 80u/ml	DMEM/F12	Adderley SR, and Fitzgerald DJ.: Oxidative damage of cardiomyocytes is limited by extracellular regulated kinases 1/2-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2, J Biol Chem 274, 5038, 1999
大鼠	大鼠, 1-3 day	Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes	Pancreatin: 0.06%	DMEM/F12
大鼠	大鼠, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Pancreatin: 0.06%	DMEM	Reinecke H, Zhang M, Bartosek T, and Murry CE.: Survival, integration, and differentiation of cardiomyocyte grafts: a study in normal and injured rat hearts, Circulation 100(2), 193, 1999
大鼠	大鼠, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml	DMEM
大鼠	大鼠, adult and neonatal	Cardioomyocytes	Collagenase Type 4: 0.12%-adult	DMEM/medium 199	Richards SM, Jaconi ME, Vassort G, and Puceat M.: A spliced variant of AE1 gene encodes a truncated form of Band 3 in heart: the predominant anion exchanger in ventricular myocytes, J Cell Sci 112, 1519, 1999
大鼠	大鼠, adult and neonatal	Cardioomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%-neonatal	DMEM/medium 199
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, male	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 228 u/ml	Joklik MEM	Sambandam N, Abrahani MA, St Pierre E, Al-Atar O, Cam MC, and Rodrigues B.: Localization of lipoprotein lipase in the diabetic heart: regulation by acute changes in insulin, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19(6), 1526, 1999
大鼠	大鼠, 1-2 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	RPMI	Matsui, T., Li, Ling, Del Monte, F., Fukui, Y., Franke, T., Hajjar, R., Rosenzweig, A.: Adenoviral gene transfer of activated phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and Akt inhibits apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vitro,Circulation 100, 2373-9, 1999
大鼠	大鼠	Thoracic aorta, smooth muscle	Elastase: 0.02%	(see reference)	Zilberman, A., Dave, V., Miano, J., Olson, E., and Periasamy, M.:Evolutionary Conserved Promoter Region Containing CArg-Like Elements is Crucial for Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression, Circ Res 82, 566, 1998
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 1 day	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	DMEM/F-12	Wagner DR, Combes A, McTiernan C, Sanders VJ, Lemster B, Feldman AM: Adenosine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Circ Res 82, 47-56, 1998
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 300-350 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.04%	see reference	Yu L, Netticadan T, Xu YJ, Panagia V, Dhalla NS: Mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine-induced increase in intracellular calcium in rat cardiomyocytes, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286, 1-8, 1998
大鼠	大鼠, SD, female, 200g	Ventricular cardiac myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%	Krebs-Henseleit buffer	Westfall M V, Rust E M, Metzger J M: Slow skeletal troponin I gene transfer, expression, and myofilament incorporation enhances adult cardiac myocyte contractile function, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 5444-9, 1997
大鼠	大鼠, SD, female, 200g	Ventricular cardiac myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.2%	Krebs-Henseleit buffer
大鼠	大鼠, Wistar, 1 day	Cardiomyoctes	Collagenase Type 2: 80 u/ml	HBSS	Kinugawa, K., Kohmoto, O., Yao, A., Serizawa, T., and Takahashki, T.:Cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase negatively modulates myocardial function in cultured rat myocytes, Am J Physiol 272, H35-47, 1997
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal, 5-day	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.05%	DMEM	Vanwinkle, W., Snuggs, M., and Buja, L.: Cardiogel: A Biosynthetic Extracellular Matrix for Cardiomyocyte Culture, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 32, 478, 1996
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 250-300 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	Joklik's	Sharma VK, Colecraft HM, Wang DX, Levey AI, Grigorenko EV, Yeh HH, and Sheu SS: Molecular and functional identification of m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat ventricular myocytes, Circ Res 79(1), 86, 1996
大鼠	大鼠, SD, fetal and neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase: 0.1%	PBS	Li RK, Mickle DA, Weisel RD, Zhang J, Mohabeer MK: In vivo survival and function of transplanted rat cardiomyocytes, Circ Res 78, 283-8, 1996
大鼠	大鼠, SD, fetal and neonatal	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.2%	PBS
大鼠	SD, SHR or WKY	Cardiomyocytes	NCIS kit: per instructions	HBSS	MacGregor, R., Klein, R., and Bansal, D.: Secretion of Plasminogen Activator Activity from Neonatal Rat Heart Cells is Regulated by Hormones and Growth Factors, Ann N Y Acad Sci 752, 331, 1995
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male, 200-250 g	Myocytes	Collagenase: 0.07%	Joklik's MEM	Laughlin, M., Schaeffer, M., and Sturek, M.: Effect of Exercise Training on Intracellular Free Ca2+ Transients in Ventricular Myocytes of Rats, Am J Physiol 73, 1141, 1992
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male, 200-250 g	Ventricles	Collagenase: 0.07%	Joklik's MEM
大鼠	大鼠, SD, female, 60-90 days	Myocardial	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	Joklik's MEM, Kreb's-Henseleit buffer, CF	Welder, A.A., Grant, R., Bradlaw, J., and Acosta, D.: A Primary Culture System of Adult Rat Heart Cells for the Study of Toxicologic Agents, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27, 921, 1991
大鼠	大鼠, SD, adult, female, 180-220 g	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase: 0.11%	(see reference)	Fischer, Y., Rose, H., and Kammermeier. H.: Highly Insulin-Responsive Isolated Rat Heart Muscle Cells Yielded By a Modified Isolation Method, Life Sci 49, 1679, 1991
大鼠	大鼠, neonatal, 1-4 days	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%	Krebs-Henseleit Buffer, CF	Marino, T.A., Walter, R.,Cobb, E., Palasiuk, M., Parsons, T., and Mercer, W.E.: Effects of Norepinephrine on Neonatal Rat Cardiocyte Growth and Differentiation, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 229, 1990
大鼠	大鼠	Heart	Trypsin: 0.06%	25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMF	Trifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and B綿羊 Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 335, 1990
	(also b綿羊)	Adrenal chromaffin
		Paraneurons
大鼠	大鼠, adult, female	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%	Joklik's MEM	Nag, A.C., Lee, M., and Kosiur, J.R.: Adult Cardiac Muscle Cells in Long-Term Serum-Free Culture:Myofibrillar Organization and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 464, 1990
大鼠	大鼠s, AW, late-gestation pregnant females	Ventricular	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05 - 0.08%	See reference	Engelmann, G., McTiernan, C., Gerrity, R., and Samarel, A.: Technique 2 (6), 279, 1990
大鼠	大鼠s, AW, late-gestation pregnant females	Cardiomyocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.05 - 0.08%	See reference
大鼠	大鼠,SD, albino, 10-14 weeks	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 100 u/ml and 150 u/ml	Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer	Berg, I., Guse, A.H., and Gercken, G.: Carbamoylcholine-Induced Accumulation of Inositol Mono-,Bis-,Tris-, And Tetrakisphosphates In Isolated Cardiac Myocytes From Adult Rats, Biochim Biophys Acta 1010, 100, 1989
大鼠	大鼠, SD, adult, female, 175 - 225 g	Myocytes	Collagenase: 0.1%	Joklik's medium	Bugaisky, L.B. and Zak, R.: Differentiation of Adult Rat Cardiac Myocytes in Cell Culture, Circ Res 64, 493, 1989
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male, 250 - 350 g	Myocytes, ventricular	Collagenase Type 1: 90 and 100 u/ml	Joklik's solution with and without calcium	De Young, M., Giannattasio, B., and Scarpa, A.: Isolation of Calcium-Tolerant Atrial And Ventricular Myocytes From Adult Rat Heart,Methods Enzymology Vol. 173,, , 662, 1989
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 2-4 day old	Cardiomyocytes	Trypsin: 0.1%	HBSS	Toraason, M., Luken, M., Breitenstein, M., Krueger, J., and Biagini, R.:Comparative Toxicity of Allylamine and Acrolein in Cultured Myocytes and Fibroblasts from Neonatal Rat Heart, Toxicology 56, 107, 1989
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 2-4 day old	Fibroblasts	Trypsin: 0.1%	HBSS
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male	Aortic smooth muscle	Trypsin: 0.05%	DMEM	Cornwell, T., and Lincoln, T.: Regulation of Intracellular Ca²⁺ Levels in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, J Biol Chem 264 (2), 1146, 1989
大鼠	大鼠, adult, 150-200 g	Myocytes, atria	Collagenase Type 1: 100 u/ml	Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate - HEPES buffer	McMahon, K.K.: A Study of Adult Rat Atrial Myocyte Attachment to Extricellular Matrix Components and Long Term Culture,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, Eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., 318, 1988
大鼠	SD大鼠	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	Kreb's Ringer w/ calcium	Buxton, I.L.O. and Doggwiler, K.O.: Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor Signal Transduction in the Adult Rat Cardiac Myocyte,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, eds), , 298, 1988
大鼠	SD大鼠, 雄性, 250-350 克	Myocytes, heart	Hyaluronidase: 0.03%	Bicarbonate-buffered medium	Kim, D. and Smith, T.W.: Temporal Variation in Contractile State And [Ca++] in Isolated Adult Rat And Guinea Pig Cardiac Myocytes,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., 370, 1988
大鼠	Wistar大鼠, 2-4 天neonates	Myoblast, cardiac	Trypsin: 0.1%	Standardized Medium	Grynberg, A., Degois, M., Guenot, L., and Athias, P.: Primary Rat Cardiac Cell Culture: Diet of the Mother Rats as a Determinant Parameter of Cardiomyoblast Production from Neonates, Biol Cell 57, 89, 1986
大鼠	Wistar大鼠, 2-4 天neonates	Myoblast, cardiac	Trypsin: 0.1%	(see reference)
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 懷孕的	Myocytes	Trypsin: 2.4 u/ml	DMEM	Freerksen, D., Schroedl, N., and Hartzell, C.: Control of Enzyme Activity Levels by Serum and Hydrocortisone in Neonatal Rat Heart Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium, J Cell Physiol 120, 126, 1984
大鼠	大鼠, SD, 雌性, 12 周	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.06%	Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer	Piper, H.M., Probst, I., Schwartz, P., Hutter, F.J., and Spieckermann, P.G.:Culturing of Calcium Stable Adult Cardiac Myocytes, J Mol Cell Cardiol 14, 397, 1982
大鼠	大鼠, 雄性/雌性, 200-250 克	Muscle	Hyaluronidase: 0.1%	Krebs Ringer phosphate buffer, CMF	Nag, A. and Cheng, M.: Adult Mammalian Cardiac Muscle Cells in Culture,Tissue Cell 13, 515, 1981
大鼠	大鼠, 雌性, 成年, 200 - 300 克	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%	Joklik's MEM	Claycomb, W.C., and Palazzo, M.C.: Culture of The Terminally Differentiated Adult Cardiac Muscle Cell: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscope Study,Dev Biol 80, 466, 1980
大鼠	SD大鼠, 成年, 雄性, 200-250 克	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.10%	Joklik MEM, CF	Frangakis, C., Bahl, J., McDaniel, H., and Bressler, R.: Tolerance to Physiological Calcium by Isolated Mycocytes from the Adult Rat Heart; An Improved Cellular Preparation, Life Sci 27, 815, 1980
大鼠	SD大鼠, 雌性, 12 周, 250 克	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.20%	Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer	Powell, T., Terrar, D.A., and Twist, V.W.: Electrical Properties of Individual Cells Isolated From Adult Rat Ventricular Myocardium, J Physiol 302, 131, 1980
大鼠	SD大鼠, 雌性, 12 周, 250 克	Ventricular myocardium	Collagenase Type 1: 0.20%	Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer
大鼠	大鼠, 10 周	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%	Saline	Bishop, S., Oparil, S., Reynolds, R., and Drummond, J.: Regional Myocyte Size in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Hypertension 1 (4), 378, 1979
大鼠	大鼠, 雄性, 200-300 克	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 82 u/ml	Kreb's Henseleit buffer	Farmer, B., Harris, R., Jolly, W., Hathaway, D., Katzberg, A., Watanabe, A., Whitlow, A., and Besch, H.: Isolation and Characterization of Adult Rat Heart Cells, Arch Biochem Biophys 179, 545, 1977
大鼠	大鼠,雌性, 白化變種, 200-250克	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.1%	Kreb's Ringers phosphate	Nag, A., Fischman, D., Aumont, M., and Zak, R.: Studies of Isolated Adult Rat Heart Cells: The Surface Morphology and the Influence of Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration on Cellular Viability, Tissue Cell 9 (3), 419, 1977
大鼠	大鼠, 成年, 雄性, 150-200克	Myocytes	Collagenase: 0.1%	MEM CF	Grosso, D., Frangakis, C., Carlson, E., and Bressler, R.: Isolation and Characterization of Myocytes From the Adult Rat Heart, Prep Biochem 7 (5), 383, 1977
大鼠	大鼠, 成年, 雄性, 150-200克	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.1%	MEM CF
大鼠	大鼠, 成年的	Myocytes	Collagenase: 0.1%	Perfusing solution	Moustafa, E., Skomedal, T., Osnes, J., and Oye, I.: Cyclic Amp Formation and Morphology of Myocardial Cells Isolated from Adult Heart: Effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+, Biochim Biophys Acta 421, 411, 1976
大鼠	SD大鼠, 白化變種, 雄性, 180-230 克	Heart ventricles, beating	Collagenase: 0.05-0.2%	Phosphate buffer	Glick, M., Burns, A., and Reddy, W.: Dispersion and Isolation of Beating Cells from Adult Rat Heart, Anal Biochem 61, 32, 1974
大鼠	大鼠, 希伯來聯合國, 3 & 17 個月, 150-210 克	Myocytes	Trypsin: 0.05%	Versene buffer	Bierman, E.L., Stein, O., and Stein, Y.: Lipoprotein Uptake and Metabolism by Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Tissue Culture, Circ Res 35, 136, 1974
大鼠	大鼠, 2-5 天	Myocytes	Trypsin: 0.01%	Saline A	Speicher, D., and McCarl, R.: Pancreatic Enzyme Requirements for the Dissociation of Rat Hearts for Culture, In Vitro 10, 30, 1974
大鼠	大鼠, SD, male, 150-200克	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.05%	(see reference)	Pretlow II, T., Glick, M., and Reddy, W.: Separation of Beating Cardiac Myocytes from Suspensions of Heart Cells, Am J Pathol 67 (2), 215, 1972
大鼠	大鼠, albino, male, 250 克	Myocytes	Hyaluronidase: 0.20%	Hank's solution, CF	Berry, M., Friend, D., and Scheuer, J.: Morphology and Metabolism of Intact Muscle Cells Isolated from Adult Rat Heart, Circ Res 26, 679, 1970
大鼠	大鼠, 成年的, 雄性, 250 克	Myocytes	Trypsin: 0.1%	Saline A	Vahouny, G.V., Wei, R., Starkweather, R., and Davis, C.: Preparation of Beating Heart Cells From Adult Rats, Science 167, 1616, 1970
大鼠	Wistar大鼠, 1-4 天大	Myocytes	Trypsin: 0.125%	Gey's BSS	Mark, G., and Strasser, F.: Pacemaker Activity and Mitosis in Cultures of Newborn Rat Heart Ventricle Cells, Exp Cell Res 44, 217, 1966
貝類動物	太平洋牡蠣	Haemocytes	Trypsin:	L15 medium	Le Duff, R., Lipart, C., and Renault, T.: Primary Culture of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, heart cells, J Tiss Cul Meth 16, 67, 1994
貝類動物	蚌, 3.0 - 4.5 厘米	Myocytes	Collagenase Type 1: 2%	L15 medium	Wen, C., Kou, G., and Chen, S.: C*tion of Cells From the Heart of the Hard Clam, Merretrix lusoria (Roding), J Tiss Cul Meth 15, 123, 1993
貝類動物	蚌, 3.0 - 4.5 厘米	Fibroblasts	Collagenase Type 1: 2%	L15 medium

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